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Chemistry B course Information

Chemistry B focuses on the energy involved in chemistry and the uses for several types of chemical reactions. Students begin by refreshing and deepening their understanding of the basics of matter and their relation to energy. Next; students explore the properties of solutions; including acids; bases; and their reactions. Then; students dive into thermodynamics; electrochemistry; organic chemistry; and finally nuclear chemistry. In this course; students develop a solid understanding of several universal scientific principles and learn to manipulate the applications of chemistry in real-world settings. This course uses a multimedia format that includes text; videos; animations; interactive activities; and group discussions. In self-check activities and quizzes; students practice what they learn and correct misconceptions or uncertainties before taking assessments. Students complete a unit exam and deliver a unit project in each unit. Teacher feedback is provided throughout the course.
Suggested grade level: 11 & 12
Prerequisites: Biology A & B; Algebra 2A & 2B
Course syllabus: https://courseplayer.avalearning.com/nweb/SC302/SC302_HSPS_Course_Syllab...
Unit 1: Properties of Matter
Lesson 1: Kinetic Theory of Matter and Intermolecular Bonding
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define and describe an atom by explaining its structure and composition.
Define and describe an ion by explaining its structure and composition.
Define molecule by describing how atoms group together.
Explain how matter is made up of particles by using models.
Explain that particles making up matter are always in motion by using models.
Explain that particles making up matter have energy by relating energy with motion.
Explain the effect of increased energy on the behavior of matter by describing and modeling the motion of its particles.
Describe the kinetic molecular theory by expressing it in terms of particle motion and energy.
Define covalent bonds by describing the interaction of nonmetals.
Define ionic bonds by describing the interaction of metals and nonmetals.
Define metallic bonds by describing the structure of metals.
Define polarity by describing the attraction of bonded atoms for electrons.
Define electronegativity by relating it to an atom’s affinity for electrons.
Relate polarity and electronegativity by eliciting the differences in electronegativity values.
Define polar and non-polar molecules by describing the degree of attraction of bonded atoms for electrons.
Describe molecular polarity by using the concept of electronegativity and molecular models.
Define intermolecular forces by expressing interactions between molecules.
Define types of intermolecular forces by describing the nature of attraction of bonded elements in molecules.
Compare and contrast intermolecular and intramolecular forces by examining the strength of bonds.
Define dipole by using electronegativity and molecular models.
Describe dipole-dipole forces by explaining attraction between molecules of bonded elements.
Explain how dipoles can induce dipoles in non-polar molecules by examining the effect of a dipole attraction on another molecule.
Describe dipole-induced dipole forces by examining the attraction between polar and nonpolar molecules.
Construct a model of a molecule's dipole-dipole interaction by using molecular formulas.
Describe London dispersion forces by examining the attraction between nonpolar molecules.
Describe hydrogen bonds by examining the attraction between polar molecules and hydrogen.
Distinguish among types of intermolecular forces by analyzing interactions between different types of molecules.
Examine the effects of intermolecular bonds on matter by analyzing their impact on physical properties.

A1: Pretest 15 minutes
A2: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A3: Science Journal 15 minutes
A4: Pre-Lab: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume 5 minutes
A5: Matter and Energy 25 minutes
A6: Bonding and Polarity 30 minutes
A7: Intermolecular Forces 30 minutes
A8: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A9: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A10: Checkpoint 01 20 minutes
A11: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 2: States of Matter
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the kinetic molecular theory by expressing it in terms of particle motion and energy.
Define states of matter by constructing descriptive explanations.
Explain that gases have a low number of particles per unit volume by examining the particle structure of solids; liquids; and gases.
Describe the motion of gas particles by both using models to illustrate it and relating it to the kinetic molecular theory.
Explain the properties of gases (compressibility; the ability to expand to fill a container; apply pressure to the walls of their container) by relating properties to the motion of gas particles.
Explain the properties of liquids (incompressible; take the shape of their container; particles are closer to each other than gas particles; molecules are less mobile than gases) by comparing the motion of their particles to that of gases.
Explain that liquids have a higher density than gases by comparing gas particle structure with liquid particle structure.
Describe the motion of liquid particles according to kinetic theory by using visual models and relating the motion with intermolecular forces and liquid density.
Explain that solids have high density by examining the particle structure of solids; liquids; and gases.
Explain the properties of solids (incompressible; particles have fixed positions; vibrational motion) by using models of their molecular motion.
Examine intermolecular forces in the phases of matter by examining models.
Explain how intermolecular forces are large in solids; compared to liquids and gases by relating intermolecular forces and particle structure.
Explain that solids may be in the form of crystals by using models and emphasizing that solid particles are generally in fixed positions.
Describe ionic crystals by using models to illustrate them.
Describe molecular crystals by using models to illustrate them and highlighting intermolecular forces.
Describe covalent crystals by using models to illustrate them and highlighting covalent bonding.
Explain metallic crystals by using models to illustrate them and comparing them to regular metal atoms.
Compare the strength of crystals by comparing the type of force that holds them together and by ordering given examples of crystals according to strength.
Explain amorphous solids by using models to illustrate them.
Define and describe heat by outlining its properties.
Explain units of heat by outlining their specific characteristics.
Define and describe temperature by outlining its properties.
Differentiate between heat and temperature by outlining their characteristics.
Define changes of state by identifying the opposite of a given change of state.
Explain the concept of phase by identifying different phases in given examples

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Gases and Liquids 25 minutes
A4: Solids 25 minutes
A5: Video: Is Glass a Liquid? 10 minutes
A6: Phases 25 minutes
A7: Video: Make Plasma with Grapes 10 minutes
A8: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A9: Reinforcement: Crystalline Solids 10 minutes
A10: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A11: Checkpoint 02 20 minutes
A12: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours
Lesson 3: Changes of State
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define phase changes by identifying different phase changes in given examples.
Explain evaporation by using models and relating particle motion and energy.
Describe evaporating-condensation equilibrium in a closed system by using models and relating the concepts of evaporation and condensation.
Explain equilibrium vapor pressure by using models and relating gas pressure with evaporation – condensation equilibrium.
Define equilibrium by constructing descriptive explanations.
Define and describe vapor pressure by constructing descriptive explanations.
Explain boiling by extrapolating what will happen to vapor pressure as a liquid is heated and by comparing vapor pressure with atmospheric pressure.
Define boiling point by relating it with boiling and temperature.
Define latent heat by constructing descriptive explanations.
Explain latent heat of vaporization and latent heat of condensation by relating them with phase change; energy; and mass.
Explain melting by using models and comparing solid and liquid particle structures.
Explain freezing by using models and comparing solid and liquid particle structures.
Define melting point by relating it with melting and temperature.
Explain latent heat of fusion by relating it with boiling; energy; and mass.
Compute and solve problems involving latent heat by using examples.
Describe phase diagrams by obtaining and evaluating information from a graph.
Define triple point and critical point by obtaining and evaluating information from a graph.
Define specific heat by relating it with moles and temperature.
Describe specific heat by analyzing and interpreting experimental data from tables or graphs.
Explain that specific heat of the same substance in different phases are different by constructing evidence based explanations.
Solve problems involving specific heat by analyzing and interpreting problem text and applying scientific thinking and mathematical skills.
Solve problems involving heating curves by analyzing and interpreting problem text; interpreting experimental data from graphs; and applying scientific thinking and mathematical skills.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Phase Changes 30 minutes
A4: Phase Diagrams and Specific Heat 35 minutes
A5: Video: Solid Nitrogen 10 minutes
A6: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A7: Project: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships Lab 30 minutes
A8: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A9: Checkpoint 03 20 minutes
A10: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 4: Gas Laws
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Explain the assumptions kinetic molecular theory makes for ideal gases by outlining the assumptions.
Define temperature by constructing descriptive explanations.
Define units of temperature by constructing descriptive explanations.
Perform conversions between units of temperature by using algebraic equations.
Explain that gases apply pressure to the walls of the container they are in by using models and relating them to the motion of gas particles.
Explain how gas pressure is measured by constructing evidence based explanations.
Define units of pressure by outlining the characteristics of each one.
Define Boyle’s law by relating pressure of a gas with its volume.
Describe Boyle’s law by illustrating interactions between the pressure and volume of gases.
Model Boyle’s law by using an animated simulation.
Solve problems involving Boyle’s law by interpreting problem text and applying mathematical models.
Describe Robert Boyle’s contributions to science by outlining his achievements.
Define Charles’s law by relating volume of a gas with its temperature.
Describe Charles’s law by illustrating interactions between the temperature and volume of gases.
Model Charles’s law by using an animated simulation.
Solve problems involving Charles’s law by interpreting problem text and applying mathematical models.
Describe Jacques Charles’s contributions to science by outlining his achievements.
Define Gay-Lussac’s law by relating temperature of a gas with its pressure.
Describe Gay-Lussac’s law by illustrating interactions between the pressure and temperature of gases.
Model Gay-Lussac’s law by using an animated simulation.
Solve problems involving Gay-Lussac’s law by interpreting problem text and mathematical models.
Describe Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac’s contributions to science by outlining his achievements.
Define Avogadro’s law by relating the amount of a gas with its volume.
Explain Avogadro’s law by relating it to the amount of matter in a given volume.
Define STP by constructing descriptive explanations.
Explain standard molar volume of a gas at STP by constructing evidence based explanations.
Solve problems involving standard molar volume of a gas by interpreting problem text and using mathematical skills.
Define the combined gas law by relating temperature; pressure; and volume of a gas.
Describe the combined gas law by using mathematical models to combine Boyle’s; Charles’s; and Gay-Lussac’s gas laws.
Solve problems involving the combined gas law by interpreting problem text and using mathematical models.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gases 25 minutes
A4: Gas Laws 35 minutes
A5: Combined Gas Law 25 minutes
A6: Project: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships Lab 25 minutes
A7: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A8: Vocabulary Review 5 minutes
A9: Checkpoint 04 20 minutes
A10: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 5: Ideal Gas Law and Review
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define ideal gas by constructing descriptive explanations.
Describe the ideal gas law by relating the temperature; volume; pressure; and number of moles in an ideal gas.
Describe how the ideal gas law is derived from the combined gas law and Avogadro’s law by using mathematical models.
Define ideal gas constant by highlighting standard volume of a gas and the ideal gas law.
State the values of the ideal gas constant for different units by outlining the characteristics of each one.
Solve problems involving the ideal gas law by interpreting problem text and mathematical models.
Describe Dalton’s law of partial pressures by using models to illustrate gas behavior when more than one type of gas is added into a container.
Model Dalton’s law by using mathematical equations.
Solve problems involving the ideal gas law and Dalton’s law by using mathematical models to combine the combined gas law and Avogadro’s law.
REVIEW GOALS

Explain the structure; bonding; and behavior of basic particles of matter; such as the atom; ions; and molecules.
Describe the interactions of matter and energy using the kinetic molecular theory.
Compare and contrast the various types of chemical and intermolecular bonds.
Explain the impact of polarity and electronegativity on the behavior and properties of particles.
Explain the different physical properties of solids; liquids; and gases in terms of the kinetic molecular theory and intermolecular forces.
Differentiate between different types of solids based on their bonds.
Explain and calculate how matter and temperature are affected by the addition or removal of heat before; during; and after phase changes.
Interpret phase diagrams.
Solve problems using specific heat; latent heat; and heating curves.
Explain how the kinetic molecular theory relates to gases and gas pressure.
Solve problems using Boyle's law; Charles's law; Gay-Lussac's law; Avogadro's law; the combined gas law; and the ideal gas law.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Ideal Gas Law 25 minutes
A4: Kinetic Theory of Matter and Intermolecular Bonding: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A5: States of Matter: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A6: Changes of State: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A7: Gas Laws: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A8: Project: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships Lab 25 minutes
A9: Submit Project: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships Lab 5 minutes
A10: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A11: Vocabulary Review 5 minutes
A12: Exam 1 45 minutes
A13: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours 10 minutes

Project: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships Lab
https://flms.flipswitch.com/Lti/LaunchContent?Id=2246877&userState=i3%2f...

Lab Handout: Pressure; Temperature; and Volume Relationships

https://courseplayer.avalearning.com/nweb/SC302/SC302_Chemistry_Project_...

Unit 2: Solutions; Acids; and Bases
Lesson 6: Properties of Solutions
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define solutions by outlining their characteristics.
Define solutes by outlining their characteristics.
Define solvents by outlining their characteristics.
Define solvation by outlining its characteristics.
Describe the solvation process by using models and relating it with the relative strength of corresponding intermolecular forces.
Describe types of solutions by examining states of the solute and solvent.
Define suspensions by comparing them with solutions in terms of particle size.
Define colloids by comparing them with solutions and suspensions in terms of particle size.
Describe different types of colloids by providing examples of each type.
Explain the Tyndall effect by constructing evidence based explanations.
Describe electricity by examining movements of charges.
Define electrolyte by outlining its specific characteristics.
Explain how electrolytes conduct electricity by using models and relating them to charged ions and the nature of electricity.
Define non-electrolyte by outlining its specific characteristics.
Define solubility by outlining its specific characteristics.
Describe solubility by relating equilibrium and intermolecular forces.
Define unsaturated solution by describing interactions between solutes and solvents at a given temperature.
Define saturated solution by describing interactions between solutes and solvents at a given temperature.
Explain the relationship between polarity and solubility by using models and relating it to intermolecular forces.
Identify factors that affect solubility by eliciting their effects on solubility.
Describe how temperature affects solubility in systems by constructing evidence based explanations.
Describe supersaturated solution by detailing the interactions between solutes and solvents at a given temperature.
Define solubility graphs by illustrating with examples.
Describe how pressure affects solubility in systems by examining the effect on the amount of solute dissolved.
Define Henry’s law by outlining the relationship of pressure with solubility.
Solve problems by using Henry’s law and solubility graphs.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Solvation 30 minutes
A4: Solubility 35 minutes
A5: Project: Solubility of Sugar 30 minutes
A6: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A7: Reinforcement: Solubility Graphs 10 minutes
A8: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A9: Checkpoint 06 20 minutes
A10: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 7: Concentrations of Solutions
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Define mole by expressing the amount of matter in a specific unit.
Describe mole ratio by relating it with concentration and moles.
Solve problems involving mole ratio by analyzing and interpreting problem text and applying scientific thinking and mathematical skills.
Define concentration by depicting the amount of solute in a solution.
Identify methods of measuring concentration by highlighting the amounts of matter in a given volume.
Define molarity by relating moles and volume in liters.
Solve problems involving molarity by using appropriate formulas.
Define percent solutions by mass and volume.
Solve problems involving percent solutions by using appropriate formulas.
Define grams per liter by relating mass and volume.
Solve problems involving percent solutions by using appropriate formulas.
Define parts per million by relating amount of solute and solvent in grams.
Solve problems involving parts per million by using appropriate formulas.
Solve problems involving molarity; percent solutions; and mole fraction by using appropriate formulas.
Explain equilibrium vapor pressure by using models and relating gas pressure with evaporation-condensation equilibrium.
Compare pure compounds and solutions by comparing them in terms of intermolecular forces.
Define colligative properties by relating them to concentration.
Describe effects of solutes on the vapor pressure and physical properties of solutions—boiling and freezing points—by relating the discussed property to kinetic theory and intermolecular forces.
Analyze the phase diagram of pure solvents and solutions by obtaining and analyzing information from graphs.
Predict the effect of increasing concentration on the vapor pressure in a solution by using models and intermolecular forces.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Concentration and Molarity 35 minutes
A4: Colligative Properties of Solutions 25 minutes
A5: Project: Solubility of Sugar 1 hour
A6: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A7: Vocabulary Review 5 minutes
A8: Checkpoint 07 20 minutes
A9: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours 10 minute

Lesson 8: Properties of Acids and Bases
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe the molecular structure for water by using models.
Describe the hydrogen bonding that occurs within water by using models.
Describe the reason for the high heat capacity of water by relating it with intermolecular forces.
Describe the surface tension of water by relating it with hydrogen bonding.
Explain the difference in density between ice and liquid water by relating it with hydrogen bonding.
Define acids by expressing their physical and chemical properties.
Describe properties of acids by highlighting their properties.
Define bases by expressing their physical and chemical properties.
Describe properties of bases by highlighting their properties.
Define the Arrhenius theory of acids and bases by focusing on hydronium and hydroxide ions.
Describe Arrhenius acids and bases by focusing on the role of H+.
Identify Arrhenius acids and bases by identifying the hydrogen or hydroxide ion released into water.
Define monoprotic; diprotic; and triprotic acids by eliciting the number of H+ produced.
Describe how diprotic and triprotic acids ionize in water by using models and relating it with kinetic molecular theory.
Define Br√∏nsted-Lowry acids and bases by focusing on the role of H+.
Describe Br√∏nsted-Lowry acids and bases by focusing on the role of H+ and using models.
Compare and contrast Arrhenius and Br√∏nsted-Lowry concepts of acids and bases by focusing on the role of the base.
Define conjugate pairs of acids and bases by relating them to the Br√∏nsted-Lowry definition of acids and bases.
Identify Br√∏nsted-Lowry acids and bases in chemical reactions by identifying the proton donor or acceptor.
Define amphoteric compounds by expressing behavior in chemical reactions.
Define Lewis acids and bases by considering electron pairs.
Describe Lewis acids and bases by focusing on the role of electron pairs and using models.
Identify Lewis acids and bases by identifying the electron pair which is donated or accepted.
Name acids by stating their components.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Special Properties of Water 30 minutes
A4: Acid-Base Theories 30 minutes
A5: Project: Solubility of Sugar 30 minutes
A6: Submit Project: Solubility of Sugar 5 minutes
A7: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A8: Reinforcement: Acids and Bases 10 minutes
A9: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A10: Checkpoint 08 20 minutes
A11: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 9: Acid-Base Neutralization

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe how acids and bases ionize or dissociate by applying the concept of reversible reactions.
Model the ionization or dissociation of acids and bases by using chemical equations.
Describe amphoteric compounds by outlining their characteristics.
Define neutralization reactions by outlining their characteristics.
Describe neutralization reactions by focusing on the interactions between acids and bases.
Model neutralization reactions by using chemical equations.
Define self-ionization of water by outlining its characteristics.
Describe the self-ionization of water by using mathematical equations.
Describe acidic; basic; and neutral solutions by relating them with hydronium and hydroxide ion concentrations.
Define pH and pOH by outlining their characteristics.
Describe pH and pOH by using mathematical models.
Calculate pH and pOH for strong acids and strong bases by using mathematical models.
Define indicators by observing their interactions with chemical environments.
Examine types of indicators by outlining their properties and applications.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Acid-Base Dissociation and Neutralization Reactions 30 minutes
A4: pH and pOH 35 minutes
A5: Video: What Is pH? 10 minutes
A6: Project: pH Measurements Investigation 30 minutes
A7: Discussion Board 20 minutes
A8: Vocabulary Review 10 minutes
A9: Checkpoint 09 20 minutes
A10: What Did I Learn? 5 minutes
Lesson Summary 0 minutes
3 hours

Lesson 10: Titration and Review

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Describe titration experiments by examining concentrations of solutions in chemical reactions.
Describe titration experiments by using mathematical models and by analyzing and interpreting experimental data from tables or graphs.
Describe the equipment used in titration experiments by explaining their applications.
Demonstrate the process for acid-base titrations by describing the steps involved.
Determine the appropriate indicator for a titration experiment by examining the relationship between indicator and reactions.
Solve sample titration problems involving molarity and volume by analyzing problem text and applying mathematical skills.
REVIEW GOALS

Define solutions; solutes; solvents; and solvation.
Distinguish between colloids; suspensions; and solutions.
Explain how electrolytes work.
Describe solubility in terms of equilibrium; and list the factors that influence it.
Solve problems using Henry's law and solubility graphs.
Solve problems using molarity and mole ratios.
Explain concentration in terms of molarity; percent solutions; parts per million; mass; and volume.
Compare the properties of solutions and pure substances; and explain the effect that concentration and different solutes have on these properties.
Relate several of the distinctive properties of water to its molecular structure and intermolecular forces.
Differentiate between acids and bases using various definitions and in terms of their chemical and physical properties.
Explain different reactions involving acids or bases; including ionization or dissociation; self-ionization; and neutralization.
Calculate pH and pOH; and interpret pH indicators.

A1: What Should I Know? 5 minutes
A2: Science Journal 15 minutes
A3: Titration 25 minutes
A4: Properties of Solutions: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A5: Concentrations of Solutions: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A6: Properties of Acids and Bases: What Should I Know? 10 minutes
A7: Acid-Base Neutralization: What Should I Know

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